Popcorn-textured ceilings—also referred to as acoustic or spray-applied ceilings—were widely used in residential construction from the 1950s through the late 1970s. While they are less common in modern homes, they are still frequently encountered in houses built before 1980. Understanding why these ceilings were used, their potential concerns, and how they are typically managed today is important for both homeowners and prospective buyers.

Why Popcorn Ceilings Were Popular

Popcorn ceilings gained popularity for several practical reasons:

• Cost efficiency: They were inexpensive and quick to apply during large-scale residential construction.
• Aesthetic uniformity: The texture helped mask minor framing imperfections, uneven drywall joints, and fastener marks.
• Sound dampening: The rough surface reduced echo and improved acoustics, particularly in multi-room homes.
• Low maintenance appeal: When left undisturbed, they generally required little upkeep.

At the time, these ceilings were considered a functional and modern solution.

The Asbestos Consideration

The primary concern with popcorn ceilings in homes built before 1980 is the possible presence of asbestos. Asbestos fibers were commonly added to textured ceiling materials prior to being phased out of residential use in the late 1970s due to health concerns.

It is important to understand the following:

• Not all popcorn ceilings contain asbestos. The only way to confirm its presence is through laboratory testing of a material sample.
• Asbestos-containing materials are not automatically hazardous. They are generally considered low risk when intact, sealed, and not disturbed.
• Risk increases with disturbance. Scraping, sanding, drilling, or aggressive cleaning can release fibers into the air if asbestos is present.

For this reason, popcorn ceilings are typically addressed through informed management rather than immediate removal.

Removal vs. Encapsulation

Homeowners often consider removal for aesthetic reasons, but this decision should be approached carefully:

• Sealing the ceiling with paint or a specialized coating is often the least invasive and most cost-effective option, especially when the ceiling is in good condition.
• If removal is desired and asbestos is present or suspected, work should be performed by qualified professionals using proper containment and disposal methods.
• Uncontrolled removal can create unnecessary health risks and potential liability issues.

In many cases, leaving the ceiling undisturbed is a reasonable and safe choice.

What Buyers Should Keep in Mind

For homebuyers evaluating a pre-1980 property:

• The presence of a popcorn ceiling is common and not inherently a defect.
• Testing is optional and typically performed only if renovation or removal is planned.
• Costs associated with removal or encapsulation should be considered as part of long-term planning, not necessarily immediate repairs.

A qualified home inspection can help identify visible concerns and provide context, but inspectors do not determine asbestos content without laboratory analysis.

Final Thoughts

Popcorn ceilings are a legacy feature of older homes and, in many cases, have performed exactly as intended for decades. When left intact and properly managed, they often pose minimal risk. The key is understanding what you have, avoiding unnecessary disturbance, and making informed decisions if changes are planned.

If you own or are purchasing a home built before 1980, popcorn ceilings should be viewed as a condition to understand—not automatically fear.

The foundation is the backbone of your home—literally. It determines how your home handles moisture, shifting soil, and even energy efficiency. Two of the most common foundation types are slab and crawlspace. Each comes with its own benefits, drawbacks, and maintenance requirements. Understanding the differences can save you thousands in repairs and help you choose the right home for your needs.

A slab foundation is a single layer of poured concrete, usually 4–6 inches thick, that rests directly on the ground. Plumbing lines and sometimes HVAC ducts are embedded within or beneath the slab.

✅ Pros of Slab Foundations:

• Lower cost: Usually cheaper to build than crawl spaces.
• Fewer pest problems: No open space for rodents or termites to invade.
• Low maintenance: No crawl space to inspect or ventilate.
• Better energy efficiency: No cold air circulating under the home.

❌ Cons of Slab Foundations:

• Plumbing repairs are sometimes harder: Drainage pipes are embedded in or under the slab, making leaks expensive to fix.
• Cracking risks: Soil movement or poor drainage can cause cracks.
• Limited access: No underfloor storage or easy access to wiring/ducts.

A crawl space foundation elevates the home 18–36 inches above the ground, leaving a small space between the home and the soil. Utilities like plumbing and ductwork often run through this space.
 
✅ Pros of Crawl Spaces:

• Easy access for repairs: Plumbing and wiring are accessible.
• Better for sloped lots: Crawl spaces adapt to uneven terrain.
• Elevated protection: Keeps home above potential flooding (to an extent).

 
❌ Cons of Crawl Spaces:

• Moisture problems: Without proper ventilation or encapsulation, mold and rot can develop.
• Pest risks: Rodents, termites, and other pests love dark, damp spaces.
• Higher energy costs: Exposed underfloor can lose heat unless insulated properly.

Which is Better?
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. If low maintenance is your priority, a slab might be best. If you value accessibility for repairs and plan to run utilities under your home, a crawl space may make more sense. Just remember: proper drainage and ventilation are key to either option’s long-term performance.
 

When it comes to protecting your home and family, smoke detectors and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms are among the most critical safety devices you can install. However, placement matters. Incorrectly located alarms can delay detection, give false readings, or fail to warn you in time. Here is a clear guide to where these life-saving devices should (and shouldn’t) be installed.
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Smoke Detectors: Best Practices
Smoke detectors sense smoke particles in the air, so their position affects how fast they respond.

 ☑  Where to install:

• Inside every bedroom—fires often start at night, so bedroom detectors are essential for early warning while you sleep.
• Outside each sleeping area—place one in the hallway or common area leading to bedrooms.
• At least one alarm on every level of the home—including basements and finished attics.
• On the ceiling or high on walls—smoke rises, so mount detectors on the ceiling (at least 4 inches from the wall) or on walls (4–12 inches from the ceiling).
  

⮾ Where NOT to install:

• In kitchens—cooking smoke can trigger nuisance alarms. Place detectors at least 10 feet away from cooking appliances.
• In bathrooms--steam from showers can cause false alarms.
• In garages—car exhaust can cause false alarms and shorten detector life.​
• Near windows, doors, ceiling fans or ducts—airflow can interfere with sensor function.
  
  

 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Alarms: Best Practices
CO is colorless and odorless, and it mixes evenly with air, so placement differs from smoke alarms.

☑ Where to install:

• Outside each sleeping area—so alarms wake you if CO builds up at night.
• At least one on every level of the home--including basements.
• Near fuel-burning appliances—such as furnaces, water heaters, or fireplaces (but not too close—see below).
  

⮾ Where NOT to install:

• Right next to appliances—place alarms at least 5–10 feet away to prevent nuisance trips from brief CO bursts.
• In kitchens or bathrooms—steam and cooking fumes can affect sensors.
• Directly above fuel-burning devices—warm air currents can prevent proper sensing.
• In overly humid or dusty areas—these can damage the sensor.
  ​

Combination Alarms: Best Practices
Many homes use combination smoke/CO alarms. If you choose these, follow the smoke detector placement rules, since they’re more restrictive.
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There are companies that sell spray on coatings for asphalt shingle roofs claiming overriding benefits to the homeowner, such as: longer roof life, energy-use reduction, or remediation of small roof leaks. There is little to no available documentation showing the true extent of these benefits, with some having an expected life span of only a few years. While some coatings can temporarily restore flexibility and improve energy efficiency, they cannot fully repair aging shingles and may lead to trapped moisture and premature failure. They are, at best, a short-term life extension on a roof that is in decent condition. They are not a good solution for heavily worn, curling, or leaking shingles.

​Be it acrylic, silicone, polyurethane, soy, plant, emulsion, or elastomeric -based, the Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA) does not recommend the application of any type of field-applied aftermarket coating over installed asphalt shingles. Their primary concerns include:

• Warranty Issues—most shingle manufacturers explicitly state that field-applied coatings will void the warranty.
• Moisture Retention—coatings can trap moisture in the shingles, leading to premature aging, mold, or rot.
• Adhesion Problems—asphalt shingles have a protective granule layer. Coatings may not adhere properly and can peel, crack, or flake over time.
• Thermal Expansion Issues – Shingles are designed to expand and contract with temperature changes. Many coatings lack flexibility, leading to cracking or separation.
• Fire and Energy Rating Alterations – Applying an unapproved coating could reduce the fire resistance and/or energy rating of the shingles.

The ARMA states that asphalt shingles are designed to perform as manufactured. Instead of spending hundreds or thousands of dollars on a coating with limited short-term benefits, they recommend proper maintenance and ventilation as better ways to extend a roof’s lifespan:

• If your roof is nearing the end of its life, a partial repair or full replacement may be a better long-term investment.
• Improving attic ventilation and routine maintenance (cleaning debris, sealing minor leaks) can naturally extend shingle life.
• If energy efficiency is the goal, proper attic insulation could be a smarter investment.
  ​

Spray-on roof coatings are marketed as a cost-effective way to extend the life of asphalt shingles, but they come with some significant drawbacks. While some coatings claim to restore flexibility and improve energy efficiency, they can also trap moisture, void manufacturer warranties, and alter fire ratings. Industry experts, including the ARMA, generally advise against their use. Although coatings could provide a short-term solution, they are often not a cost-effective alternative to proper roof maintenance or replacement.

Water is one of the most destructive forces a home can face, particularly when it comes to its foundation. Poor drainage can lead to soil erosion, foundation cracks, basement flooding, and even structural instability. Fortunately, by taking proactive steps such as grading the landscape correctly, maintaining gutters and downspouts, and installing proper drainage solutions, homeowners can protect their investment and avoid costly repairs.

Grading Around the House
The slope of the ground around your home—also known as grading—is a crucial factor in directing water away from the foundation. Ideally, the soil should slope away from the house at a minimum of 6 inches over the first 10 feet. If the ground is flat or slopes toward the foundation, water can accumulate and seep into basements or crawl spaces, leading to moisture issues and potential damage.

If your yard is not properly graded, you may need to add soil around the foundation to create a proper slope. This should be done using compacted fill dirt rather than mulch or loose soil, which can wash away easily. In cases where regrading is not feasible, alternative drainage solutions such as swales or French drains may be necessary.

Gutters and Downspouts: First Line of Defense
Gutters and downspouts play a crucial role in directing rainwater away from the foundation. When they are clogged, damaged, or improperly installed, water can overflow and pool around the home, leading to moisture issues and potential structural damage.

• Clean gutters at least twice a year to remove leaves and debris.
• Check for leaks, sagging, or improper installation.
• Ensure gutters are properly pitched so water flows toward the downspouts.

Downspouts should discharge water at least 5 feet away from the foundation. If they are too short, water can pool near the base of the house. Adding downspout extensions or splash blocks can help direct runoff away effectively.

Drainage Solutions to Prevent Water Damage
Even with proper grading and gutter maintenance, some properties may still experience drainage issues due to soil type, landscaping, or other factors. In such cases, additional drainage solutions may be required.

• Swales—A swale is a shallow, sloped channel designed to guide excess water away from the home. It can be lined with grass, gravel, or stone to slow down water flow and prevent erosion.
• French Drains—A French drain consists of a perforated pipe buried in a trench filled with gravel. It collects and redirects water away from the home, making it an effective solution for properties with persistent drainage problems.
• Sump Pumps and Drain Tiles—For homes with basements or crawl spaces prone to water intrusion, installing a sump pump system or exterior drain tiles can provide extra protection by actively removing water from around the foundation.

​
Conclusion
Protecting your home’s foundation from water damage starts with proper grading, gutter maintenance, and effective drainage solutions. Whether it is regrading the soil, extending downspouts, installing swales, or adding a French drain, these measures help keep your foundation dry and stable. By taking proactive steps now, homeowners can avoid costly repairs and ensure their homes remain structurally sound for years to come.

​When purchasing a home, safety features should be at the top of your checklist. One crucial safety component that often goes unnoticed by home buyers is the presence of Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) protection. These specialized electrical devices help prevent electrical shocks, making homes significantly safer. But what exactly are GFCI-protected receptacles and breakers, and why do they matter to you as a home buyer? Let's dive in.

What Is GFCI Protection?
GFCI protection is designed to prevent electric shocks by detecting ground faults. A ground fault occurs when electricity strays from its intended path, such as when an electrical current leaks to the ground through water or a person. GFCI devices sense this irregularity and shut off power within milliseconds, reducing the risk of serious injury or electrocution.
​
Types of GFCI Protection

• GFCI Receptacles – These look like standard outlets but have built-in sensors to detect ground faults. You can recognize them by their "TEST" and "RESET" buttons. If a ground fault is detected, the outlet shuts off power to itself and sometimes to other outlets downstream in the circuit.
• GFCI Breakers – These are installed in the home's electrical panel and provide protection for an entire circuit, covering multiple outlets and fixtures in specific areas. They come in both one-pole (120V) and two-pole (240V) versions, with the latter being necessary to protect 240V circuits.

Where Should GFCIs Be Installed?
Modern electrical safety and residential building standards require GFCI protection in areas where water and electricity are likely to mix, including:

• Kitchens
• Bathrooms
• Garages
• Laundry rooms
• Basements
• Outdoor outlets
• Near swimming pools and spas

 
If you are touring a home and notice that GFCI outlets are missing in these locations, it could mean some additional minor to moderate costs to upgrade the electrical system after purchase (GFCI receptacles cost about $20 each and a handy homeowner could do the work safely with the right tools and safety precautions.

Why Home Buyers Should Care About GFCIs
GFCIs protect you and your family from potential electrocution, which is especially crucial in moisture-prone areas. Some homeowners' insurance policies require homes to have GFCI protection in designated areas. Also, ensuring your home has proper GFCI protection makes it more attractive to future buyers, including less deficiencies to be noted during future home inspections.

Testing and Maintaining GFCIs
As a homeowner, it is important to test your GFCI outlets regularly. Simply press the "TEST" button; if the power cuts off, the device is working. Then, press "RESET" to restore power or for a breaker, turn the handle to "OFF" and the back to the "ON" position. If the receptable or breaker does not trip or reset properly, it will likely need to be replaced.

Final Thoughts
When buying a home, do not overlook electrical safety features like GFCI protection. If you are unsure whether a home has the necessary protection, consider having a licensed electrician inspect the system before closing. Ensuring your new home is equipped with GFCI-protected outlets and breakers is a small but essential step toward a safer living environment.

When buying a home, securing the right homeowners insurance often goes hand-in-hand with a thorough home inspection. Using the insights from your home inspection report can help you make informed decisions that safeguard both your finances and your property. Here is why it is recommended that potential homeowners start talking to insurance companies early during the purchasing process and how the home inspection report plays a key role.

If you have not already done so, please click here to read our previous blob post titled "What Every Buyer Should Know About Homeowners Insurance."

1. Using the Home Inspection Report to Understand Coverage Needs

​A detailed home inspection report provides crucial information about the condition of the property, including the estimated age of the roof, the state of the plumbing and electrical systems, and any existing damage. By sharing this information with insurance companies early on, buyers can get tailored advice on the type of coverage that is necessary for their specific home. This ensures that any unique aspects of the property are adequately covered, reducing the risk of unpleasant surprises later.

2. Accurate Budgeting with Insurance and Inspection Costs in Mind

The home inspection report can reveal issues that might lead to higher insurance premiums, such as an aging roof or outdated electrical components. By obtaining quotes from insurance companies with these factors in mind, buyers can better estimate the total cost of owning the home, including necessary repairs and the associated insurance premiums. This allows for more accurate budgeting and ensures that buyers are financially prepared for the long term.

3. Meeting Lender Requirements with Confidence

Mortgage lenders require proof of homeowners insurance before finalizing a loan. The home inspection report can also identify potential risks that the lender might require to be addressed before approving the mortgage. By engaging with insurance companies early, and using the inspection report to highlight any issues, buyers can avoid delays in the closing process and ensure they have the necessary coverage lined up well in advance.

4. Assessing the Insurability of the Home Using Inspection Insights

A home inspection report can uncover issues that make a property difficult or expensive to insure, such as suspect plumbing or having structural problems. Discussing these findings with an insurance company early allows buyers to assess the insurability of the home before they are fully committed. If significant issues arise, buyers might reconsider their purchase or use this information to negotiate with the seller.

5. Negotiating Repairs or Adjustments Using Inspection and Insurance Feedback

If the home inspection report highlights problems that could lead to higher insurance premiums, such as a deteriorating roof or outdated systems, buyers can use this information to negotiate repairs with the seller before closing. For example, if the inspection reveals that the electrical system is outdated, which could lead to higher premiums or even a refusal of coverage, the buyer can request that the seller address this issue. This not only helps secure lower insurance rates but also ensures the home is in better condition when purchased.

6. Securing the Best Rates by Combining Inspection and Insurance Insights

With the detailed information from the home inspection report, buyers can obtain more accurate and competitive insurance quotes. Starting the process early allows time to compare offers from multiple insurance companies, ensuring that buyers find the best rates and coverage options that reflect the true condition of the home.

7. Peace of Mind Through Preparation

The combination of a thorough home inspection and early engagement with insurance companies helps reduce stress in the home-buying process. Buyers can make informed decisions, knowing they have identified and addressed potential issues both through the inspection and in their insurance planning. This proactive approach provides peace of mind and a smoother path to homeownership.

Engaging with insurance companies early in the home-buying process, especially when combined with a comprehensive home inspection report, is a strategic move that can save time, money, and potential headaches. The inspection report provides critical insights into the condition of the property, helping you secure the right coverage, negotiate repairs, and ensure that your investment is well-protected. By understanding both the insurance and structural aspects of the home, you can confidently move forward, knowing you have taken the necessary steps to protect your new home and your financial future.

When you are buying a home, securing homeowners insurance is an essential step in the process. While insurance is designed to protect your investment, it is important to understand that insurance companies are businesses that operate with a focus on minimizing their own risk and maximizing profitability. This means that at any point in the future, you could find yourself in a challenging situation if you are not fully aware of how these companies operate. Here is what every potential home buyer should know about homeowners insurance:

1. Understanding Policy Exclusions and Limitations

One of the most crucial aspects of homeowners insurance is knowing what your policy covers—and, more importantly, what it does not. Many policies have hidden exclusions that can leave you vulnerable in the event of a disaster.|

For instance, standard homeowners insurance typically doesn’t cover natural disasters like floods or earthquakes. These events require additional coverage, often at a higher cost. Moreover, insurance companies might deny claims for damage they believe is due to lack of proper maintenance, such as roof leaks or mold, arguing that these are preventable issues. It is essential to carefully review your policy and understand its limitations before you sign on the dotted line.

2. Beware of Premium Increases

Insurance premiums can increase over time, sometimes in ways that are surprising or difficult to predict. One factor that can lead to higher premiums is filing too many claims, even for minor issues. While it might seem like a good idea to use your insurance for small repairs, doing so can lead to significant premium hikes or even policy non-renewal.
 
Additionally, insurance companies may raise premiums due to factors outside your control, such as changes in your neighborhood’s risk profile, inflation, or an increase in claims in your area. This means that even if you never file a claim, your premiums could still go up.

3. Know Your Deductibles and Payouts

Another critical area to understand is how deductibles and payouts work. Some policies have high deductibles, meaning you’ll need to cover a significant portion of any loss out of pocket before the insurance kicks in. This can be a nasty surprise if you haven’t planned for it.

​It is also important to understand whether your policy pays out based on actual cash value or replacement cost. Actual cash value accounts for depreciation, so you might only receive the current value of your damaged property, which could be much less than what it would cost to replace it. Replacement cost coverage, on the other hand, pays out the amount needed to replace the damaged property with something of similar kind and quality.

4. Policy Renewal and Cancellation Risks

Even after you have secured homeowners insurance, it is possible that your policy might not be renewed in the future, especially if you have filed a large claim. Insurance companies may choose not to renew policies in areas they deem too risky or for clients they consider too expensive to insure.

Additionally, insurance companies can change their underwriting guidelines at any time. This means they might decide to stop covering certain risks or to stop writing policies in certain areas, making it difficult to find affordable coverage in the future.

5. Preparing for Claim Disputes

When disaster strikes, you expect your insurance company to be there to help. However, claims can sometimes be denied, leading to frustration and financial strain. Insurance companies may argue that damage was due to wear and tear rather than an insurable event, or they might offer a settlement that is lower than the actual cost of repairs.

It is important to be prepared to advocate for yourself. This might involve negotiating with the insurance company or even hiring a public adjuster or attorney to help get a fair settlement.

6. The Impact of Insurance on Your Mortgage

Your mortgage lender will likely require you to have homeowners insurance as a condition of your loan. If your policy is canceled or not renewed, you might be in violation of your mortgage terms. In such cases, your lender may step in and purchase lender-placed insurance on your behalf. However, this type of insurance is usually more expensive and offers less coverage, which can put you at a financial disadvantage.

7. Regularly Review and Reassess Your Insurance

​Finally, it’s important to remember that your insurance needs may change over time. Maybe you’ve made improvements to your home, or perhaps the market value of your property has increased. Periodically reviewing your coverage ensures that your policy still meets your needs and that you’re not underinsured or overpaying.

Homeowners insurance is a vital part of protecting your investment, but it is not without its pitfalls. By understanding how insurance companies operate and being aware of the potential challenges, you can make informed decisions that will help safeguard your home and financial future. Take the time to carefully review your policy, ask questions, and consider working with a trusted insurance advisor to ensure you are adequately covered.

​​There is a reason they have been called "cheater vents." Air Admittance Valves (AAVs), also known as "studor vents", are devices used in plumbing systems to vent sewer gases and allow air to enter the plumbing system without the need for a traditional vent pipe through the roof. They rely on a mechanical valve that opens to allow air into the system and closes to prevent sewer gases from escaping. Accumulation of debris or damage to the valve can lead to malfunctions. Thus, AAVs require periodic cleaning and inspection to ensure proper functioning. While AAVs are easy to install, which is presumably why plumbers prefer to use them, there are other potential issues besides the maintenance required:

• Performance Issues: AAVs may not function as effectively as traditional vent pipes.  In some cases, the valve may fail to open properly, leading to drainage issues or the accumulation of sewer gases. AAVs also have limitations on the volume of air they can admit into the plumbing system. In a busy kitchen or bathroom with multiple fixtures draining simultaneously there may be insufficient airflow, leading to slow drainage or gurgling sounds.
• Installation Height: AAVs should be installed above the flood level of the fixture they serve, otherwise they can overflow (leak) during a drainage backup. Achieving the required height can be challenging due to space constraints.
• Local Odor Issues: While AAVs are designed to prevent the escape of sewer gases, there is still a potential for localized odor issues, especially if the valve malfunctions or if there are changes in pressure within the plumbing system.

If you have AAV's installed in your home (that you routinely clean and inspect, of course), you may never run into any of those issues. But, if you do run into problems, simply replacing the old AAV with a new one may temporarily resolve the issue. However, the more durable solution requiring little to no maintenance would be to install or connect to a traditional vent stack to the roof. If that is not feasible, there are other options, such as:
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• "Island", "Loop", "Circuit", or "Bow Vent": This type of venting system (that has many names) was designed for kitchen islands. It involves running a vent pipe from the island to connect with the main vent stack or vent system elsewhere in the building (at the proper height, of course). This allows for proper venting without the need for a pipe extending through the roof directly above the island. See the diagram below and click here for a video describing how a loop vent functions.

​Concrete can crack for a myriad of reasons, often due to the complex interplay of several factors. Here are some common causes:

• Shrinkage: As concrete cures and dries, it shrinks. If the shrinkage is restrained, tensile stresses develop, which can lead to cracking. This is often referred to as drying shrinkage. 
• Drying Too Fast: If concrete dries too quickly, it can lead to increased shrinkage and cracking. Rapid drying can be caused by high temperatures, low humidity, wind, or inadequate curing practices. Proper curing is essential to control the rate of moisture loss and ensure the development of concrete strength.
• Lack of Expansion Joints: Expansion joints are crucial in allowing the concrete to expand and contract with temperature changes. Without them, the concrete is more likely to crack due to thermal stresses. If joints are not properly placed or designed, or if they are not filled correctly, cracks can form along these weak points.
• Lack of Quality Control: Improper mixing, placing, or curing of concrete can lead to defects and increased susceptibility to cracking. Too much water in the concrete mix can weaken the concrete, making it more susceptible to cracking. Certain chemical reactions within concrete, such as alkali-silica reaction (ASR), can cause expansion and cracking over time.
• Thermal Stress: Temperature changes cause concrete to expand and contract. Rapid temperature fluctuations can induce thermal stresses, leading to cracks.
• Freeze-Thaw Cycles: In colder climates, water can seep into concrete, freeze, and expand. This cycle of freezing and thawing can cause cracking.
• Load Stress: Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Excessive loads, especially those causing bending or stretching, can lead to cracking.
• ​Subgrade Settlement: If the ground beneath the concrete settles unevenly, the unsupported concrete can crack due to the stress.
• Corrosion of Reinforcement (rebar): In reinforced concrete, if the steel reinforcement corrodes, it expands and causes the surrounding concrete to crack.

Proper design, material selection, and construction practices are key to minimizing the risk of cracking. Understanding the specific cause of cracking in any given situation often requires a detailed analysis of the construction process, materials used, and environmental conditions.